why did josé de san martín fight for independence

By 1820, royalist Peru was an isolated outpost of Spanish influence. San Martín starved out the garrison at Callao and waited for the Spanish army to attack him along the narrow, easily defended coastline leading to Lima: they wisely declined, leaving a sort of stalemate. First, he disciplined and trained the army around Tucumán so that, with the assistance of gaucho guerrilleros, they would be capable of a holding operation. Then, on the pretense of ill health, he got himself appointed governor intendant of the province of Cuyo, the capital of which was Mendoza, the key to the routes across the Andes. San Martín accepted a modest command but made the most of it, ruthlessly drilling his recruits into a coherent fighting force. Should the Spanish decide to defend the pass he chose, he could face a hard battle with weary troops. He is counted among the founding fathers of Argentina and also led the liberations of Chile and Peru. In July 1816, San Martín finally got approval for his plan to cross into Chile and attack Peru from the south from President Juan Martín de Pueyrredón. What role did Jose de San Martin play in the rebellion? San Martín would later be accused of cowardice for failing to seek out the Spanish army, but to do so would have been foolish and unnecessary. The Chileans were divided even amongst themselves, and San Martín made the fateful decision to support Bernardo O'Higgins over Jose Miguel Carrera and his brothers. De la Serna abandoned the city and on July 12 th 1821 San Martin occupied Lima and declared Peruvian independence on July 28 th 1821. Their paths met in Ecuador, where the modest and unselfish San Martín came off second best. Updates? Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. A) Simon Bolivar B) Jose de San Martin C) Miguel Hidalgo D) Jose Morelos Jose de San Martin led the fight for independence in Argentina. While he is honoured in Argentina as a national hero, in South America at large Bolivar is revered almost as a god. Like Bolívar, he was a visionary able to see beyond the confining borders of his own homeland and visualize a continent free of foreign rule. San Martín had liberated Chile and Argentina to the south, and Simón Bolívar and Antonio José de Sucre had freed Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela to the north, leaving only Peru and present-day Bolivia under Spanish rule. In Spain, José attended good schools, including the Seminary of Nobles where he showed skill in math and joined the army as a cadet at the young age of 11. José de San Martín was born at Yapeyú, a village on the northern frontier of Argentina, where his father was an official of the Spanish colonial government. In the service of the Buenos Aires government, San Martín distinguished himself as a trainer and leader of soldiers, and, after winning a skirmish against loyalist forces at San Lorenzo, on the right bank of the Paraná River (February 3, 1813), he was sent to Tucumán to reinforce, and ultimately replace, Gen. Manuel Belgrano, who was being hard pressed by forces of the viceroy of Peru. In September 1811, after two decades of service to the Spanish crown, he fled Spain to … The two leading figures of the South American wars of independence were Simon Bolivar in the north and José de San Martín in the south. He was made captain in 1804. Meanwhile, Simón Bolívar and Antonio José de Sucre were sweeping down out of the north, chasing the Spanish out of northern South America. The Spanish in Santiago fled, and San Martín rode triumphantly into the city at the head of his army. José de San Martín is a hero to many people in Argentina, Chile, and Peru. By September 1822, he was out of Peru and back in Chile. In January 1817, the army set off. Jose San Martin, along with Simon Bolivar are the fathers of South American Independence. With Chile finally secure, San Martin could set his sights on Peru at last. This made it necessary for San Martín to fight his way westward across the formidable barrier of the Andes. ... José de San Martín. He is a former head writer at VIVA Travel Guides. Viceroy La Serna responded by moving the royalist army from Lima to the defensible port of Callao in July of 1821, basically abandoning the city of Lima to San Martín. A gifted writer and poet, Jose Marti spent most of his life fighting for Cuba independence. The Argentine War of Independence was fought from 1810 to 1818 by Argentine patriotic forces under Manuel Belgrano, Juan José Castelli and José de San Martín against royalist forces loyal to the Spanish crown.On July 9, 1816, an assembly met in San Miguel de Tucumán, declared full independence with provisions for a national constitution Omissions? He captured Lima and declaredPeruvian independence … José de San Martín, (born February 25, 1778, Yapeyú, viceroyalty of Río de la Plata [now in Argentina]—died August 17, 1850, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France), Argentine soldier, statesman, and national hero who helped lead the revolutions against Spanish rule in Argentina (1812), Chile (1818), and Peru (1821).. His father was a Spanish military official. He returned, but by the time he reached Argentina the tumultuous government had once again changed and he was not welcome. San Martín is the greatest national hero of Argentina and he is considered a great hero by Chile and Peru as well. Minster, Christopher. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He took a prominent part in organizing Argentine troops and soon became military governor of the north to organize defense against Spanish troops in Upper Peru. ThoughtCo. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. During the 18th and 19th centuries in Spanish America, Creoles would lead the fight for Latin American Independence due to the fear of social unrest, and the want for political and economic control from the Spanish peninsulares. There, he set about creating an army that would link up overland with the soldiers of the patriotic government in Chile and then proceed by sea to attack Peru. In Argentina, there are numerous statues, streets, parks, and schools named after him. He was loyal to his beloved wife during most of his campaigns, only taking a clandestine lover at the end of his fighting in Lima. As he had suspected, the Indians were playing both sides and sold the information to the Spanish. He was the highest-ranking Spanish officer to defect to the patriot side in all of Latin America. The Spanish forces in Chile were expecting him and he knew it. "Biography of José Francisco de San Martín, Latin American Liberator." Ecuador Table of Contents. Indeed, despite serving for over a decade in the Spanish military, San Mar… For two years he served the Sevilla (Seville) junta that was conducting the war on behalf of the imprisoned Spanish king Ferdinand VII. While he is honoured in Argentina as a national hero, in South America at large Bolivar is revered almost as a god. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Before he knew it, Jose de San Martin was the head of all the fighting … The Spanish soon realized they had been duped and scrambled to keep the Army of the Andes out of Santiago. A naval attack resulted in the capture of the important port of Pisco and the Spanish loyalist forces withdrew into Peru’s interior. José María Morelos (September 30, 1765–December 22, 1815) was a Mexican priest and revolutionary. Corrections? He had little tolerance for dances, festivals, and showy parades, even when they were in his honor (unlike Bolívar, who loved such pomp and pageantry). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. 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